The origins of the Philosophy of Neuroscience workgroup dates back to 2012, when the XV Meeting of ANPOF (Brazilian Philosophical Association) took place in Curitiba. Aware of the lack of a systematic research group on the subject in Brazil, in contrast to the great progress that had been achieved abroad by foreigner peers, researchers (mainly comprised of former members of the Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Science workgroups, but also of former members of the Ethics and Theories of Justice workgroup) gathered envisaging the foundation of a dedicated group to fill the gap in this research area. It seemed evident then that there was an urgent need to form a workgroup that could philosophically embrace epistemological and ethical issues arising from scientific and theoretical debates in Neuroscience. Since then, the group has developed and consolidated itself, becoming a locus of meetings of this research and a forum for debate and collaboration in the area, not only at the national level, but also with wide international reach.